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指詩歌的內(nèi)容能夠真實(shí)反映某一歷史時期廣闊的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)和重大的歷史事件而具有“史”的價值?！对娊?jīng)》有些詩篇反映當(dāng)時歷史，孔子據(jù)此提出《詩經(jīng)》“可以觀”，即包含了對《詩經(jīng)》以詩征史的肯定，漢代學(xué)者很看重詩歌承載歷史的功能。后來的詩論家大都強(qiáng)調(diào)優(yōu)秀詩歌須將審美與反映現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合起來，從而彰顯詩歌的審美與認(rèn)識、教育功能的統(tǒng)一。唐代詩人杜甫的詩歌被稱作“詩史”，就是因?yàn)樗脑娔軌蚍从场鞍彩分畞y”時的真實(shí)社會，體現(xiàn)出深刻的憂國憂民之情。
This term refers to poetry that reflects social realities and major events of a historical period, thus possessing historical value. Some of the poems in "The Book of Songs" are about the realities of its time, which prompted Confucius to exclaim that "'The Book of Songs' enables one to understand society." This means that he viewed "The Book of Songs" as using poetry to reflect history. Han-dynasty scholars stressed the importance of poetry as a means of recording history. Subsequently, Chinese scholars of poetry believed that poetry should reflect reality through aesthetic means so as to provide aesthetic enjoyment, understanding as well as education. The poems of Tang poet Du Fu are called "historical poetry" because they reflected what the country went through during the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion and the author's acute sense of sadness about the misery the country and its people suffered in times of national crisis.
引例 Citation：
◎杜逢祿山之難，流離隴蜀，畢陳于詩，推見至隱，殆無遺事，故當(dāng)時號為“詩史”。（孟棨《本事詩·高逸第三》）
杜甫遭逢安祿山叛亂引發(fā)的災(zāi)難，先后漂泊甘肅、四川一帶，所經(jīng)歷的一切，全都寫在詩中，后人由此推知發(fā)現(xiàn)（當(dāng)時歷史事件的）很多隱約細(xì)節(jié)，幾乎沒有什么遺漏，所以當(dāng)時人稱他的詩為“詩史”。
Du Fu fled to the provinces of Gansu and Sichuan to escape turbulences caused by the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion and wrote about his experiences in poems. As his poems gave vivid and detailed accounts of events of the time, they became known as "historical poetry." (Meng Qi: The Story of Poetry)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
